Monday, March 21, 2016

3 Leadership Lessons from Greek Philosopher Epictetus

In March of last year as a leader with the growing responsibilities of family,  a new company and community, I found myself committing to do something and then doing what I knew others would view as a good job. However, I was aware of gaps in the result, and these bothered me. I wanted to always know that I had done the best possible work. That I had closed all actions and finished a task as completely as possible. I sought guidance, I spoke with friends and read articles about religion and philosophy. Though they all helped, I still had not found what I needed. Then I came across Courage Under Fire  by James Stockdale. In this short book Stockdale describes how after studying Epictetus at Stanford, he put those learnings to test during seven years as a prisoner of war in North Vietnam. Reading this I became more interested in the Stoics and Epictetus's The Enchiridion. You can find it in the Stoic Six Pack. Epictetus was a slave in Rome later freed and after which he began teaching his philosophy. When philosophers were banned from Rome, Epictetus founded a school in Greece. The Enchiridion is the most accessible of Epictetus's writings. I've read most of his work and have tested it out in my own life. As a result of that investigation, I discovered three things that leaders must do to succeed.

#1: Choose the Right Thing

There is something personal about choosing the right thing. What is the right thing for me to do with this moment? I have passion for work, community, relationships (wife, children, parents, co-workers and friends). What is the best thing to do right now? That is not an easy question to answer.

#2: Know What Success Looks Like

In chapter 28 of the Enchiridion there is a discussion on preparation for winning at Olympia;
You must submit to discipline, eat to order, touch no sweets, train under compulsion, at a fixed hour, in heat and cold, drink no cold water, nor wine, except by order; you must hand yourself over completely to your trainer as you would to a physician, and then when the contest comes you must risk getting hacked, and sometimes dislocate your hand, twist your ankle, swallow plenty of sand, sometimes get a flogging, and with all this suffer defeat. When you have considered all this well, then enter on the athlete's course, if you still wish it. 
Before you choose the right thing consider all the above and make sure you know what it takes to succeed. You also must understand that due to many things outside your control you may suffer defeat along the way. Make sure to consider all this prior to committing.

#3: Deliver Flawlessly

Having chosen that this is the right thing to do and determined that you can do it, now it is time to deliver. No excuses. When you have finished the work, there should be a sense that everything possible was completed, there are no gaps and there is pride in the accomplishment. You don't care what others think of the result, because you know it is well-done. Think of a professional actor that has agreed to take a role. This actor knows the process that leads to success, they know to practice the lines, rehearse alone and onstage with others. The actor knows the techniques needed for a great performance. Having prepared fully and delivered on opening night, can the actor control how the audience reacts? No! Do they care? Think about it. Reflect on the times when you know you've done a great job. Did you care what others thought? Epictetus is very clear on this subject.

The Golden Sayings of Epictetus

On a side note I also started reading the Golden Sayings of Epictetus. The only problem with those is that they are organized by number with no subject information, so to choose what to read is difficult since all you have to go by are the numbers. As I read each of the sayings, I created subject references for them which I am sharing at the Subject Index to the Golden Sayings of Epictetus.

The Golden Sayings of Epictetus XVIII

And to this I reply:—

“Friends, wait for God. When He gives the signal, and releases you from this service, then depart to Him. But for the present, endure to dwell in the place wherein He hath assigned you your post. Short indeed is the time of your habitation therein, and easy to those that are thus minded. What tyrant, what robber, what tribunals have any terrors for those who thus esteem the body and all that belong to it as of no account? Stay; depart not rashly hence!”

Thursday, March 17, 2016

The Golden Sayings of Epictetus III

Try to enjoy the great festival of life with other men.

The Golden Sayings of Epictetus II

How then do men act? As though one returning to his country who had sojourned for the night in a fair inn, should be so captivated thereby as to take up his abode there.

“Friend, thou hast forgotten thine intention! This was not thy destination, but only lay on the way thither.”

“Nay, but it is a proper place.”

“And how many more of the sort there be; only to pass through upon thy way! Thy purpose was to return to thy country; to relieve thy kinsmen’s fears for thee; thyself to discharge the duties of a citizen; to marry a wife, to beget offspring, and to fill the appointed round of office. Thou didst not come to choose out what places are most pleasant; but rather to return to that wherein thou wast born and where thou wert appointed to be a citizen.”


The Golden Sayings of Epictetus is in the Public Domain

The Golden Sayings of Epictetus I

Are these the only works of Providence in us? What words suffice to praise or set them forth? Had we but understanding, should we ever cease hymning and blessing the Divine Power, both openly and in secret, and telling of His gracious gifts? Whether digging or ploughing or eating, should we not sing the hymn to God:—

Great is God, for that He hath given us such instruments to till
     the ground withal:
Great is God, for that He hath given us hands, and the power of
     swallowing and digesting; of unconsciously growing and
     breathing while we sleep!
Thus should we ever have sung: yea and this, the grandest and divinest hymn of all:—

Great is God, for that He hath given us a mind to apprehend these
things, and duly to use them!
What then! seeing that most of you are blinded, should there not be some one to fill this place, and sing the hymn to God on behalf of all men? What else can I that am old and lame do but sing to God? Were I a nightingale, I should do after the manner of a nightingale. Were I a swan, I should do after the manner of a swan. But now, since I am a reasonable being, I must sing to God: that is my work: I do it, nor will I desert this my post, as long as it is granted me to hold it; and upon you too I call to join in this self-same hymn.


The Golden Sayings of Epictetus is in the Public Domain

The Golden Sayings of Epictetus CXI

Others may fence themselves with walls and houses, when they do such deeds as these, and wrap themselves in darkness—aye, they have many a device to hide themselves. Another may shut his door and station one before his chamber to say, if any comes, He has gone forth! he is not at leisure! But the true Cynic will have none of these things; instead of them, he must wrap himself in Modesty: else he will but bring himself to shame, naked and under the open sky. That is his house; that is his door; that is the slave that guards his chamber; that is his darkness!